![]() In post-biblical Judaism Abraham with the Three Angels by RembrandtĪccording to the Babylonian Talmud, Raphael ( Hebrew: רְפָאֵל Rəfāʾēl, Tiberian: Răp̄āʾēl) was one of the three angels who appeared to Abraham in the oak grove of Mamre in the region of Hebron (Genesis 18 Bava Metzia 86b) Michael, as the greatest, walked in the middle, with Gabriel to his right and Raphael to his left (Yoma 37a). In the text he acts as a physician and expels demons, using an extraordinary fish to bind the demon Asmodeus and to heal Tobit's eyes, while in 1 Enoch he is "set over all disease and every wound of the children of the people", and binds the armies of Azazel and throws them into the valley of fire. In Tobit he goes by the name Azariah ( Hebrew: עֲזַרְיָה/עֲזַרְיָהוּ ʿĂzaryāh/ʿĂzaryāhū, " Yah/Yahu has helped") while disguising himself as a human. His name derives from the Hebrew root רפא ( r-p-ʾ) meaning "to heal", and can be translated as "God has healed". In the oldest stratum of 1 Enoch (1 Enoch 9:1) he is one of the four named archangels, and in Tobit 12:11–15 he is one of seven. Raphael first appears in two works of this period, 1 Enoch, a collection of originally independent texts from the 3rd century BCE, and the Book of Tobit, from the early 2nd century BCE. At the same time the angels and archangels began to be given names, as attested in the Talmudic statement that "the names of the angels were brought by the Jews from Babylonia", attributed to Shimon ben Lakish or Rabbi Hanina respectively. The original mal'akh lacked both individuality and hierarchy, but after the Babylonian exile they were graded into a Babylonian-style hierarchy and the word archangelos, archangel, first appears in the Greek text of 1 Enoch. When used in the latter sense it is translated as " angel". In the Hebrew Bible, the word 'מַלְאָךְ' ( malʾāk̠) literally means messenger either human or supernatural in nature. In Gnostic tradition, Raphael is represented on the Ophite Diagram. ![]() He is not named in either the New Testament or the Quran, but later Christian tradition identified him with healing and as the angel who stirred waters in the Pool of Bethesda in John 5:2–4, and in Islam, where his name is Israfil, he is understood to be the unnamed angel of Quran 6:73, standing eternally with a trumpet to his lips, ready to announce the Day of Judgment. In later Jewish tradition, he became identified as one of the three heavenly visitors entertained by Abraham at the Oak of Mamre. Raphael ( UK: / ˈ r æ f eɪ ə l/ RAF-ay-əl, US: / ˈ r æ f i ə l, ˈ r eɪ f-/ RA(Y)F-ee-əl "God has healed") is an archangel first mentioned in the Book of Tobit and in 1 Enoch, both estimated to date from between the 3rd and 2nd century BCE. Travelers lovers the youth finding one’s spouse ordained marriage mental health healing guardian angels shepherds pharmacists druggists nurses physicians illness eye afflictions the sick the blind against nightmares Diocese of Madison, WI Archdiocese of Dubuque, Iowa Archdiocese of Seattle, Washington Abra de Ilog, Mindoro Occidental, Philippines Aloguinsan, Cebu, Philippines Holding a bottle or flask walking with Tobias sounding a trumpet carrying a fish or a staff 3 Kouji Nabot 13 Koiak (Coptic Churches). ![]()
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